Antimicrobial agents are generally divided into inorganic antibacterial agents, organic antibacterial agents and natural antibacterial agents.
Inorganic antibacterial agents
Using the antibacterial ability of silver, copper, zinc and other metals, by physical adsorption ion exchange and other methods, silver, copper, zinc and other metals (or their ions) are fixed on the surface of fluorspar, silica gel and other porous materials to make antibacterial agents, and then it is added to the corresponding products to obtain the antibacterial ability of materials. Mercury, cadmium, lead and other metals also have antibacterial ability, but are harmful to human health; Copper, nickel, lead plasma with color, will affect the appearance of the product, zinc has a certain antibacterial activity, but its antibacterial strength is only 1/1000 of silver ion. Therefore, silver ion antimicrobial agents occupy a dominant position in inorganic antimicrobial agents.
Silver ion kind antimicrobial agent is the most commonly used antimicrobial agent, show white fine powder, heat-resistant temperature can reach 1300℃ above. The carrier of silver ion antibacterial agent has glass, zirconium phosphate, zeolite, ceramic, activated carbon and so on. Sometimes some copper ions and zinc ions are added to improve the synergy. Among them, the long-acting biochar antimicrobial material made of biochar loaded with silver overcomes the instability and uneven distribution of other carriers such as glass, zirconium phosphate, zeolite, ceramic and activated carbon.
In addition, there are zinc oxide, copper oxide, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, lithium carbonate and other inorganic antibacterial agents.
Organic antibacterial agents
The main varieties of organic antibacterial agents are vanillin or ethyl vanillin compounds, often used in polyethylene food packaging film, play an antibacterial role. In addition, there are acyl anilines, imidazole, thiazole, isothiazolidone derivatives, quaternary ammonium salts, diguanthus, phenols and so on. The safety of organic antimicrobials is still under study. The quaternary ammonium biochar antimicrobial agent prepared by the physical and chemical action of quaternary ammonium salt and biochar, namely the long-acting antimicrobial biochar material, overcomes the problems of the general organic antimicrobial agent, such as poor heat resistance, easy hydrolysis and short period of life.
Natural antimicrobial agent
Natural antibacterial agents mainly come from the extraction of natural plants, such as chitin, mustard, castor oil, horseradish, etc., which are easy to use, but have limited antibacterial effect, poor heat resistance, low bactericidal rate, and can not be used in a broad spectrum and long-term effect, and the amount is very small.
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