With the development of science and technology, improvement of living standards, people for their living and working environment hygiene requirements are also increasing, in order to control harmful organisms to grow, avoid spread bacteria and infection, nanometer antibacterial material of this kind have antibacterial properties of rapidly developed new materials, can make the microorganisms including bacteria, fungi, yeast and algae growth and reproduction and virus remain low, improve the antimicrobial properties of materials.

Metallic type nano antibacterial material

The metal ions used in inorganic nano antibacterial materials are mostly silver, copper and zinc, which are safe for human body. The antibacterial effect of metal ions on bacteria and the degree of harm to human body are as follows:

Antibacterial effect: As5 + + = = Sb2 Se2 + > Hg2 + + > > Ag Cu2 + > Zn2 + > Ce3 + = Ca2 +

Damage: a As5 + + = = Sb2 Se2 + > Hg2 + > Zn2 + > Cu2 + + > > Ag Ce3 + = Ca2 +

Ag+ is toxic to prokaryotes (bacteria), but not to eukaryotes. The general dosage of 10~6ug/g(24h) or ≤0.5ug/ml(1h) can be sterilized, its antibacterial ability in the safe use of several metal ions in the strongest; Ag+ had strong killing effect on 12 kinds of gram-negative bacteria, 8 kinds of gram-positive bacteria and 6 kinds of mold. Due to the non-toxic, broad spectrum and good antibacterial properties of silver, silver-loaded inorganic antibacterial materials occupy a dominant position among inorganic antibacterial materials, and are widely used in medical products, civil textiles and household appliances.

Photocatalytic nanometer antibacterial material

Photocatalytic nano-antibacterial materials refer to a class of semiconductor inorganic materials with photocatalytic performance represented by nano-TiO2, such as nano-TiO2, ZnO, WO3, ZrO, V2O3, SnO2, SiC, as well as the composite between each other. Among them, the nanometer TiO2 compared with several other photocatalytic antibacterial materials has a great advantage: fungicides usually used the silver, copper components can make bacterial cells lose activity, but will release after killing bacteria endotoxin harmful substances, such as the nano TiO2 can not only affect fertility, bacteria and can attack the outer layer of the bacterial cell, penetrate the cell membrane, degradation bacteria, prevent to produce endotoxin cause secondary pollution.

Quaternary ammonium salt modified inorganic nano antibacterial material

The common antibacterial materials of this kind include intercalated nano antibacterial material montmorillonite, graft structure nano antibacterial material nano SiO2 particles, etc.

Montmorillonite belongs to 2:1 layered silicate, each unit cell is composed of two layers of silicon and oxygen tetrahedron sandwiched with one layer of aluminum and oxygen octahedron. There is no hydrogen bond between its two adjacent crystal layers, but only a weak van der Waals force. The lamellas can be rotated and translated randomly. The lamellas have exchangeable hydrated cations and strong adsorption properties, so they are suitable as carriers of inorganic and organic cationic antibacterial materials.

As the doping phase in plastic, inorganic nano-SiO2 particles are not easy to migrate and precipitate out when wrapped by plastic, which makes antibacterial plastics have good long-term antibacterial effect. In nanometer SiO2 surface covalent graft polymer quaternary ammonium salt, was prepared antibacterial nano SiO2 powder, silver antibacterial effect and the inorganic antibacterial materials, two kinds of antibacterial materials of salmonella and e. coli antibacterial rate is over 90%, grafted polymer antibacterial material of nano - SiO2 powders for gram positive bacteria antibacterial effect of silver is higher than inorganic antibacterial materials, the latter against gram-negative bacteria antibacterial effect is better.

Compound nano antibacterial material

At present, the vast majority of nanometer antibacterial materials are single nanometer antibacterial materials, which have certain limitations, such as long sterilization time, high price, etc. Therefore, the design and development of new antimicrobial materials with rapid and efficient bactericidal function has become an important direction of the current research on the expansion of nanotechnology. Zeolite is an aluminosilicate compound of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal. The metal ions Na+, K+ and Mg2+ in the skeleton structure can be exchanged by Ag+ and other metal ions. The introduction of Ag+ into the structure of zeolite for modification can overcome the shortcoming of common antibacterial zeolite materials such as easy discoloration and poor comprehensive performance.

Nano-antibacterial materials, as a new high and new nanomaterial, have many advantages such as high heat resistance, convenient use, good chemical stability, wide antibacterial types, long-term efficacy and high safety to human body. At present, nano antibacterial materials have been widely used in building materials coatings, household appliances, ceramic sanitary ware, packaging plastics, medical and civil textiles and many other fields.